“新经典”系列 语言学类 -- 英语发展史Terms_and_Topics.ppt

EponymandToponymNicknameRobert-Bob/William/Bill/Richard/DickPseudonym(penname/stagename/alias):…FemaleandMalenamesTony/Chris…EponymandToponymObjectNamesandPlaceNamesaphrodisiac asphalt atlas banksiabigot biro boycott cardigancereal charlotte diesel eroticguillotine hooligan hoover jacuzzilesbian lynch maverick marathonmagnolia nicotine pavlova rugbysandwichEponymandToponymFormsofEponym:1.Muphry’slaw,Halley’scomet,Adam’sapple,Parkinson’sdisease…2.Caesareanbirth,Freudianskip,Hippocraticoath…3.Chauvinism,Euphuism,Spoonerism…4.DavisCup,Galluppoll,Wellingtonboots,macadamianut,Morsecode…5.Celsius,Fahrenheit,Richterscale,ampere,faraday,hertz,newton,ohm,volt,watt…SexisminLanguageSexisminLanguageIn1975,UKpassedTheSexDiscriminationAct.SexisminLanguagechairwoman,spokesman,ladyandwoman…man→human…Mr/Mrs/Miss/Mssalesman?→salespersonbusinessman?→businesspersonfireman→firefighterpostman→postalworkermanmade?→handmade,manufacturedweatherman?→weatherforecasterDifferentArgumentsyouguys?History? Herstory?Woman? Woperson?Freshman? Freshwoman?Manhole? Womanhole?Manure? Personure?Womanure?Tongzhi（同志）?!RemediesMaketheantecedentandthepronounplural:Sexist:Becauseadoctordoesnotreceiveabedsidemanneratmedicalschool,heshouldbeespeciallysensitivetopatients,whenstartinguphispractice.Corrected:Becausedoctorsdonotreceiveabedsidemanneratmedicalschool,theyshouldbeespeciallysensitivetopatients,whenstartinguptheirpractice.RemediesUseafemininepronountobalancetheuseofamasculineone:Sexist:Acorporatelawyerhaslittletimeforhisfamily.Corrected:Acorporatelawyerhaslittletimeforhisorherfamily.RemediesUsesupervisorratherthanforemanUsepoliceofficerratherthanpolicemanUselettercarrierratherthan