古典文献学的英语.pdf

古典文献学的英语

ClassicalPhilology,alsoknownasClassicalLiterature

orClassicalStudies,isthestudyoftheliterature,

language,andcultureofancientGreeceandRome.Itisa

fieldofstudythatexaminestheworksofclassicalauthors

suchasHomer,Virgil,Plato,andCicero,aswellasthe

historical,social,andculturalcontextsinwhichthese

workswereproduced.ClassicalPhilologyalsoencompassesthe

studyofancientlanguagessuchasLatinandGreek,aswell

astheliteraryandlinguistictraditionsoftheselanguages.

Thestudyofclassicalliteratureandlanguagehasalong

andrichhistory,datingbacktoancientGreeceandRome

themselves.InancientGreece,thestudyofHomersepic

poems,theIliadandtheOdyssey,wascentraltothe

educationofyoungmen,andtheworksofGreektragedians

suchasAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripideswereperformedin

theAtheniantheateraspartofreligiousfestivals.The

Romans,too,valuedtheliteratureandlanguageoftheGreeks,

andthroughouttheRomanEmpire,theworksofGreekandRoman

authorswerestudied,copied,andcommentedupon.

DuringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance,classical

literatureandlanguagecontinuedtobestudiedandpreserved,

oftenbymonksandscholarswhomadecopiesofancienttexts

andwrotecommentariesandtranslations.Withtheinvention

oftheprintingpressinthe15thcentury,classicaltexts

becamemorewidelyavailable,andthestudyoftheclassics

begantospreadthroughoutEurope.

Inthemodernera,thestudyofclassicalliteratureand

languagehasbeenanimportantpartofthecurriculuminmany

educationalsystems.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thestudy

ofLatinandGreekwastraditionallyapartofawell-rounded

education,andmanyuniversitiesoffereddegreesinClassics,

whichincludedthestudyofancientliterature,history,

philosophy,andart.Whilethestudyofclassicallan