构词法练习测试及其参考答案.docVIP

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高考能力测试构词法WordFormation

一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。

合成adj

方式

例词

1adj＋adj

red-hot

2adj＋n

first-class,full-time,part-time

3adj＋现在分词

good-looking,free-thinking,

4adj＋过去分词

ready-made

5adj＋n-ed

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded

6n＋n-ed

iron-willed

7n＋adj

world-famous,day-long

8n＋现在分词

beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,

9n＋过去分词

man-made,water-covered,

10adv＋adj

ever-green

11adv＋现在分词

hard-working,far-seeing

12adv＋过去分词

well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known

13num＋n

five-year

14num＋n+adj

five-year-old

15num＋过去分词

four-legged,six-storied

(2)合成动词

构成方式

例词

1n＋v

day-dream

2adv＋v

overcome,upturn翻起

3adj＋v

white-wash

(3)合成n

构成方式

例词

1n＋n

horseback,bank-note,

newspaper,cellphone,

2adj＋n

back-yard,forehead,

3动名词＋n

hidingplace,reading-room

4v＋adv

get-off,breakin,

5adv＋v

output,overflow

(4)合成advhowever,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever

(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介词inside在……里

后缀

例词

形

容

词

-al

central,industrial,national,natural

-an

European,American,Australian

-ern

eastern,northern,southern

-able

reasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible

-ful

careful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,

-ish

childish,Swedish,selfish

-ive

destructive,collective,active,creative,effective

-y

thirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny

-less

careless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless

-en

golden,wooden,woolen

-ous

courageous,famous,continuous,serious,various

-ary

imaginary,revolutionary,secondary

-ic

realistic,historic,poetic

-some

troublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome

-like

childlike,womanlike,manlike

-ant

ignorant,significant,observant,important

-ent

diligent,silent,excellent,frequent

-ly

lively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly

-ish

childish,foolish

二、派生Derivation

前缀

含义

例词

a-

处在……

arise,aside,alone

en-

使可能

enrich,enable,enslave

dis-

不，否定

dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagree

un-

不，做相反动作

unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,

unclo