神经病学教学课件:General-Introduction.ppt

神经病学教学课件:General-Introduction.ppt

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Neurology

GeneralIntroduction

ThemostfrequentneurologicaldisordersHeadache(tensiontype:pop.40-60%,migraine:femails9-12%,males4-6%)LowbackpainStroke:prev.2000/100000Epilepsy:60-800/100000Parkinsonism:300/100000Polyneuropathy:300/100000MultiplexSclerose:6-80/100000

GeneralIntroduction

TransductionpathwayofmotorContentsCranialnervesTransductionpathwayofsenseDeep,superficialandpathologicreflexes1234Statusofconsciousness5

ContentsCranialnerves12345

Cranialnerves

Cranial

nerves

(I)

OlfactoryMajorfunction:smell

OlfactorynerveCranialnerveICloseeyeIdentifiedfamiliarodors:coffee,clovesandPeppermintNoxioussubstancesnotsuggested:Ammoniaorachol(falsepositiveresponse)

Cranial

nerves

(II)

OpticNerveMajorfunction:vision

OpticnerveVisualacuityWordsorletterFingers1mMovementsofhandFlashalightSnellenchartstesting20/20feetand6/6metersnormal

NormalFundi

Edemafundi

Visualfields

Cranial

nerves

(III)

Oculomotor

(IV)Trochlear

(VI)

AbducentMajorfunction:III:eyelidandeyeballmovementIV:innervatessuperioroblique

turnseyedownwardandlaterallyVI:turnseyelaterally

Example:AcompleteleftIIInervepalsyisillustratedalongwithclinicalpresentationsofleftVIandIVnervepalsies.

PretectumPupillaryLightReflex:ThepretectumcontrolstheactionofthepupillaryconstrictormuscleviaitsprojectiontobothEdinger-Westphalnuclei.PupillaryConstrictormuscle

PretectumPupillaryLightReflex:ThepretectumbilateralprojectionstotheEdinger-Westphalnucleiensurethatbotheyesreacttolight:shiningalightintoeacheyecanelicitadirectandaconsensualpupillaryreflex.Thislightreflextellsusaboutone’svisualpathwaysstatus.

PretectumPupillaryLightReflex:

Insummary,pupillaryreflexesareclinicallyimportantbecausetheyindicatethefunctionalstateoftheafferentandefferentpathwaysmediatingthem.Theabsenceofpupillaryreflexesinanunconscio

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