湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点-2.doc

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点-2

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点：从句

名词性从句应当注意的问题：

1．主语从句

1）单个名词性分句充当主语时，全句谓语用单数形式；但是当两个由and连接的名词性从句作主语并表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数

Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.

Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainsamysterytous.

2）若主语从句中逻辑意义完整并且基本句子成分齐备，则须在句首使用连接词that，该词无意义；若缺差主/宾/表等名词性成分，则根据需要选择what/which/who/whom等

Thattheywerewronginthesemattersisnowcleartousall.

Whatcrimehehasdoneisquiteclear.

3）从句作主语时为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将从句置于句末，其中that可省略

Itisn’tsurprising(that)heshouldhavemarriedher.

2．宾语从句

1）宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语之后，其中it无意义

Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowithhim.

Ihearditsaidthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.

years.

Thistheonlythingthatwecandonow.

ThelaststudentthatstoodupwasJoe.

2．以下情况只能用关系代词which,不能使用that：

1）在非限定性定语从句中，引导词只能用which和who/whom,where,when等；而且引导词在从句中作宾语时不能省略。

Steel,whichhasmanyusefulproperties,iswidelyusedinthemachine-buildingindustry.

Theshedinourgarden,whichmyfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.

2）和介词连用构成复合引导词时

Therearescientificwaysinwhichmanysolvesproblems.

Oceancurrentsaffecttheclimatesofthelandsnearwhichtheyflow.

3．Whose表示所有关系，即可指人的也可指物理学

Shelivesinthehousewhosedoorandwindowsarebroken.

Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclasswhoseparentsserveinthegovernmentagencies?

4．关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的选择：

若引导词在从句中担任状语，选用when/where/why；若作主/宾/表语则用that/which

ThisistheplacewhichI’velongwantedtovisit.——Iknowofaplacewherewecanswim.

ThisisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofhisplan.——Ican’tacceptthereasonthathegave.

Thesportsmeetwillbeheldnextmonthwhentheclimateisverycongenial.

ThisisagreatdaythatIwillneverforget.

5．as引导定语从句

既可指人也可指物，通常与thesame,such,so等连用；还可引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句意思或部分内容，位置灵活

Theyneedsuchmaterialsascanbearhightemperatureandpressure.

Massisnotthesamethingasweightis.

Asyoucansee,we’vegotapr