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Accuracyandclarityinwriting:pronounsandotherreferringtechniquesAES,Week4
ReferringtechniquesinwrittentextsWritersoftenusedifferentwordstorefertothesamething.Inthiscase,thewordchanges,butthemeaningdoesnot.Mostcommonly,thisinvolvestheuseofsynonyms.Thinkofsomeexamplesofpairsofsynonyms.
Lookatthefollowingexample:Beforeacceptingnewinformationpublishedinabook,youshouldspendafewminutesexaminingitsstructure.Theworkislikelytobeauthoritativeifitisproducedbyapublisherwhospecialisesinthefield.Theforeword,prefaceorintroductionwilloftensummarisethepurposeofthevolume.‘Work’and‘volume’donotsignalachangeoftopic.Theyaresimplydifferentwaysofsaying‘book’.Ifyoumeetanunexpectedchangeoftopicinyourreading,lookbackinthetextforapossiblelink,asthewritermaybeusinganewwordforanoldtopic.
Anotherexample…Theindexcanrevealthescopeofthebookbylistingthetopicsdiscussedandthenumberofpagesdevotedtothem.Itcanalsorevealbiasbythenumberofreferencesunderparticulartopics.Toavoidrepeatinganoun,writersmaychangeittoapronoun.Here,‘topics’es‘them’,‘index’es‘it’.Ifyouhaveanydifficultywithapronoun,lookbackinthetexttofindthenounitrefersto.
Sentenceswhichappeartohavewordsmissingmayalsocausesomeproblems.Sometimeswritersleavewordsoutinordertoavoidrepetition.Lookattheseexamples:Compareversions1and2:Itisimportantthatyouhaveaclearpurposewhenyouread.Ifnot,youmaywastevaluablestudytime.Itisimportantthatyouhaveaclearpurposewhenyouread.Ifyoudonothaveaclearpurpose,youmaywastevaluablestudytime.
Nowcomparethesetwosentences:Dictionariesandencyclopaediasareimportantinformationsources.Bothcanbefoundinthereferencesectionofyourlibrary.Dictionariesandencyclopaediasareimportantinformationsources.Bothdictionariesan
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