The Design of Small Bore Sewer Systems小口径管道系统的设计 3.doc

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The Design of Small Bore Sewer Systems小口径管道系统的设计 3.doc

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TheDesignofSmallBoreSewerSystems小口径管道系统的设计3

Iwr-JIFignre10.ExternalviewofsanitationblockinNewBussa,showingexposedconnectorsewerandjunctionboxes.-33-iIwIAIc,lJIIll-a-=--interceptortankwithgravityflow-Q-O-interceptortankwithindividualliftstationFigure11.SiteplanoftheMt.Andrewsmallboresewersystem.9fw.1c150Lengthofsewer(m)Figure12.Profileofthe50mmdiameterinflectivegradientsmallboresewersystematMtAndrew,Alabama-35-Thesystemwasdesignedtotestthreelow-costseptictankeffluentcollectionsystems:(a)asmallboresewerwithcontinuousbutnotuniformslope;(b)forcemainconnectionstoasmallboresewerwithcontinuousslope;and(c)asmallboresewerwithvariablegradient.Finaltreatmentanddisposalwereprovidedbyastabilizationpond.Thecollectionlineswerelaidoutinaconventionalmanner(Figure11).LineBanditscontinuation,LineD,both75mmdiameterPVCpipe,havenearlycontinuousslopebutprecisegradecontrolwasnotmaintained.Thegradewascontrolledonlytotheextentthatadequatefallexistsfromtheseptictankstothecollectionlineandthencetothepond.Ofthe18homesservedbythesetwolines,8requiredliftpumpstoenterthecollectionmain.LineCwasconstructedwithcontinuousslopetoitsjunctionwithLineD,butwithoutprecisegradecontrol;itisa50mmPVCpipeservingthreehomes.LineA,a295mlong50mmPVCpipewith10connections,wasconstructedwithanaveragefallof2%butataconstantdepthratherthantograde.Asaresult,therearefiveinflectionsbetweenpositiveandnegativegradients(Figure12).Nomanholesorcleanoutswereinstalledinanyofthelines.4.14Modifiedseptictanksinstalledupstreamofeachconnectionservedasinterceptortanks.Eachhastwocompartments;thefirstisa1920litresettlingtank,andthesecondisaliquidstoragecompartmentof195litre