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第六章金融市场概述(6)1第二篇金融市场与金融中介
EQUITYMARKETS股票市场
CommonStock(普通股)Ownershipinacorporation.Aresidual(last)claimoneandassetsinliquidation,thusariskierpositionthanbondsandpreferredstockholders.Shareholders’liabilityforthedebtsofthecorporationislimitedtotheirinvestmentinthecommonstock.3
阿里巴巴股权结构4
CommonStock(cont。)Shareholders’returnisderivedfromdividendsandfromappreciationinstock’smarketvalue.Commonstockdividendsarenotguaranteed;doubletaxation(双重课税).Shareholdersexercisecontroloverthefirm’sactivitiesthroughtheelectionofaboardofdirectors(董事会),whorepresenttheownersandmonitorthemanagers’activitiesonshareholders’behalf.Ingeneral,oneshareonevote.Dual-classstock(双重股份)providesvotingforoneclassofstockandlimitsorexcludesvotingforanotherclassofcommonstock.5
CommonStock(continued)Boardofdirectorscanbeelectedbycumulativevotingorstraightvoting.Cumulativevoting(累积投票制度):alldirectorsareelectedatthesametime,andshareholdersaregrantedanumberofvotesequaltothenumberofdirectorsbeingelectedtimesthenumberofsharesowned.togiveminorityshareholdersavoiceinthefirm’sdecisions.6
CommonStock(continued)Boardofdirectorscanbeelectedbycumulativevotingorstraightvoting.Straightvoting(直线投票制度):directorsareelectedonebyone.Themaximumnumberofvotesforeachdirectorequalsthenumberofsharesowned.Itisdifficultforminorityshareholderstoobtainrepresentationontheboardofdirectors.Anyshareholderswhoownsmorethan50percentofthesharescanelecttheentireboardofdirectors.7
PreferredStock(优先股)Apreferredorpriorclaimonearningsandassetscomparedtocommonstock.Inliquidation,preferredstockholdersareentitledtotheissuepriceofthepreferredstockplusaccumulateddividendsafterothercreditorshavebeenpaidandbeforecommonstockholdersarepaid.8
PreferredStockDividendsarefixedo
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