锂离子电池的回收 (2).pdf

RecyclingofLithium-ion

Batteries

DanaLouiseThompson

Athesissubmittedforthedegreeof

DoctorofPhilosophy

SchoolofChemistry

UniversityofLeicester

September2022

RecyclingofLithium-ionBatteries

Abstract

DanaLouiseThompson

September2022

TheelectrificationoftransportisamajorgoaloftheUKgovernmenttocombat

climatechange.Consequently,thedemandforlithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)inelectric

vehicleshasincreasedandispredictedtoincreaseinthecomingyears.Currently,

recyclingisseenasanend-of-pipeprocessinwhichvaluablematerialsaredown-cycled

andleavethesupplychain.Thisnecessitatesacirculareconomymodelwhilstthescale

ofend-of-life(EoL)batteriesisstillmanageable,topreventabuild-upofhazardous

waste.Usingretro-economicanalysis,itwasfoundthatthecostofLIBrecyclingshould

beintherangeof$2-6/kgofbatterytoenableprofitandallowprocessingwithoutgate

fees.Atechno-economicassessmentshowedthatthisispossiblewithhydrometallurgical

processingofEoLmaterials.Disassemblyofthematerialpriortoprocessing,ratherthan

shredding,contributedtogreatercostsavings(40-80%)incomparisontousingvirgin

materials(20%).Themainbarriertorecyclingwasthereforeidentifiedasdisassembly,

inwhichlackofstandardisationandsafetyissuesrenderstheprocessslowanddifficult.

Aprocessthatenabledtherapiddelamination(5s)ofelectrodeactivematerial(AM)

frommetalfoilcurrentcollectorswasdevelopedusinghigh-poweredultrasoundon

electrodesthatwereuncycledorEoL.Particle