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TheRiskandTermStructure
ofInterestRates
-一、RiskstructureofInterestRates(一)DefaultRisk(二)Liquidity(三)IncomeTaxConsideration
RiskStructureofLongBondsintheUnitedStates
(一)DefaultRisk
IncreaseinDefaultRiskonCorporateBonds
AnalysisofFigure2:Increasein
DefaultRiskonCorporateBondsCorporateBondMarket1. RETeoncorporatebonds?,Dc?,Dcshiftsleft2. Riskofcorporatebonds?,Dc?,Dcshiftsleft3. Pc?,ic?TreasuryBondMarket4. RelativeRETeonTreasurybonds?,DT?,DTshiftsright5. RelativeriskofTreasurybonds?,DT?,DTshiftsright6. PT?,iT?Outcome:Riskpremium,ic–iT,rises(Riskpremium:Thespreadbetweentheinterestratesonbondswithdefaultriskanddefault-freebonds)
BondRatings
(二)Liquidity
CorporateBondsBecomeLessLiquidCorporateBondMarket1. LessliquidcorporatebondsDc?,Dcshiftsleft2. Pc?,ic?TreasuryBondMarket1. RelativelymoreliquidTreasurybonds,DT?,DTshifts right2. PT?,iT?Outcome:Riskpremium,ic–iT,risesRiskpremiumreflectsnotonlycorporatebonds’defaultrisk,butalsolowerliquidity
(三)IncomeTaxConsideration
TaxAdvantagesofMunicipalBonds
AnalysisofFigure3:TaxAdvantages
ofMunicipalBondsMunicipalBondMarket1. TaxexemptionraisesrelativeRETeonmunicipalbonds,Dm?,Dmshiftsright2. Pm?,im?TreasuryBondMarket1. RelativeRETeonTreasurybonds?,DT?,DTshiftsleft2. PT?,iT?Outcome:imiT
二TermStructureofInterestRatesFactstobeExplained1. Interestratesfordifferentmaturitiesmovetogether2. Yieldcurvestendtohavesteepslopewhenshortratesarelowanddownwardslopewhenshortratesarehigh3. YieldcurveistypicallyupwardslopingThreeTheoriesofTermStructure(一)ExpectationsTheory(二)SegmentedMarketsTheory(三)LiquidityPremiumTheoryA. ExpectationsTheoryexplains1and2,butnot3B. SegmentedMarketsexplains3,butnot1and2C. Solution:CombinefeaturesofbothExpectationsTheor
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