初中英语-牛津上海版8A被动语态讲解及练习(有答案).docxVIP

PAGE

PAGE1

被动语态

动词的被动语态

英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在be动词上。

以动词sing为例。

时态∕语态

主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

Jaysingsmanysongseveryyear.

ManysongsaresungbyJayeveryyear.

一般过去时

Jaysangmanysongslastyear.

ManysongsweresungbyJaylastyear.

一般将来时

Jaywillsing/isgoingtosingmanysongsthisyear.

Manysongswillbesung/aregoingtobesungbyJaythisyear.

现在进行时

JayissinginganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsongisbeingsungby?Jay.

过去进行时

Jaywassingingasongjustnow.

AsongwasbeingsungbyJayjustnow.

现在完成时

Jayhassunglotsofsongsinthepastfewyears.

Lotsofsongshavebeensungby?Jayinthepastfewyears.

过去完成时

Jayhadsungplentyofsongsbylastyear.

PlentyofsongshadbeensungbyJaylastyear.

过去将来时

Jaysaidhewouldsingmoresongsinthefuture.

Jaysaidmoresongswouldbesunginthefuture.

情态动词

Jaycansingmanysongs.

ManysongscanbesungbyJay.

注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：

一．被动语态中不定式要还原

Let/make/see/hear/watchsb.dosth.sb.belet/made/seen/heard/watchedtodosth.

Mymothermademelookafterthelittlesisteryesterday.

Iwasmadetolookafterthelittlesisterbymymotheryesterday.

有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态)

1)?不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：?

appear,die，disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand?

breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.?

2)?系动词无被动语态：?

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn

3)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：?

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto

4)?系动词无被动语态：?

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn

5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。?

Iwanttogonow.

三．主动表示被动的几种情况

1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。

这本书销路很好。Thisbooksellswell.

这本小说读起来很有趣。Thisnovelreads