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TheHellenisticGreeceUnit3
AGeneralHistoryofAncientGreeceEarlyGreeksClassicalAgeHellenisticAge
III.TheHellenisticAge
(300BCE-1stCentury)HellenisticAgebetweentheconquestofthePersianEmpirebyAlexandertheGreatandtheestablishmentofRomansupremacy,inwhichGreekcultureandlearningwerepreeminentintheMediterraneanandtheMiddleEast.
TheEmpireofAlexander
TextAHellenisticGreeceTextFocusSocialtransformation?Culturalachievements?ThedemiseofGreece
HellenisticCulture1.WhatchangestookplaceintheHellenisticAge?Ashiftfrom______to______?1)fromlocalizedandintrovertedcity-statestoanopencosmopolitanandexuberantculture2)fromtheIdealtotheReal3)fromindividualcitiestolargekingdoms
TheHellenisticCulture2.Inwhatfieldsweregreatculturalachievementsmade?PhilosophyArtandarchitectureScience
ContendingSchoolsofThoughtstheStoicstheSkepticstheEpicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）theCynics
TheSkepticsTheSkepticsfollowedPyrrhon(皮隆，360-272BC),whoheldthatknowledgewasunattainable.Henceheandhisfellowsdoubtedthetruthofwhatothersacceptedastrue.
TheEpicureansEpicurus(about341---270BC)whobelievedpleasuretobethehighestgoodinlife,butbypleasurehemeant,notsensualenjoyment,butfreedomfrompainandemotionalupheaval.
TheStoicsOppositetotheEpicureans,theStoicsbelievethatthemostimportantthinginlifewasnot“pleasure”,but“duty”.Oneshouldendurehardshipandmisfortunewithcourage.
TheCynicsTheCynicsgottheirnamebecauseDiogenes(about412---323BC)decidedtolivelikeadogandtheword“cynic”means“dog”inGreek.Herejectedallconventions,andadvocatedself-sufficiencyandextremesimplicityinlife.
AlexanderandDiogenes
ScienceEuclidAlexandrianmathematicianandfatherofgeometryArchimedes“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”EratosthenesCalculatedthecircumferenceoftheearth
Artan
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