讲座基因改造与合成生物学面对石油峰值水气候变化粮食短缺lecture 4 genetic modification.pdfVIP

Lecture4GeneticModificationSyntheticBiology

-InthefaceofPeakOil,PeakWater,climatechangefoodshortages,

needtofeedandfueltheworldinnewwaysBioscienceRevolution

•Biotechnologyuseslivingthingstoproduceproducts,andis

alreadyworth200bnayear.

Improvehealthoutcomes,boosttheproductivityofagriculture

andindustrialprocesses,andenhanceenvironmentalsustainability.

GeneticEngineering(工程)

•Definition:GMintroducesgenesfromonespeciesintotheof

another

Example:

a.1973:thefirstGMOwasamodifiedE.Colibacterium(大肠

杆菌)createdbyStanleyCohenHerbertBoyer

b.1974:RudolfJaenischcreatedTransgenicmicewith

leukemia(白血病)genes(transgenicsiswheregenetic

materialismovedbetweenspecies)

c.1976:HerbBoyerco-foundedacompanycalledGenentech

withthegoalofusingGMtocreatewithmedicines.Onlytwo

yearslater,Genentechhadproducedhumaninsulin(人工胰岛

素)byinsertingtheappropriategeneintoE.coli

d.1982:USFDA(FoodandDrugAdministration)approvesfirst

geneticallyengineereddruginsulin(胰岛素)from

Genentech,wentonsaleformedicaluse

•GMPlants

Example:

a.1986:GMtobaccocreatedluciferase(萤光素酶)gene

insertedfromafirefly(萤火虫)intotobaccooneofthe

firstandmostfamousGMplants,butnomarket

b.1994:Calgene’sFlavrSavrtomato(转延熟番茄)

approvedbytheFDA;theFlavrSavrwasgeneticallymodified

tostayfirmafterharvest,allowingittoberipened(成熟)for