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1.阅读理解
TheDepartmentofEnergy(DOE)isdealingwithatoughresearchproblemthathas
troubledexpertsformorethanadecade:developingalow-costalternativetothepresent
etfuel.
Thesearchbeganaround2010,originallypushedbytheconcernsaboutthe
countrysrelianceonimportedoil.Morerecently,airlineshaveraisedthequestion
themselves.Therearepotentialrestrictionsontheamountofcarbondioxidefromet
airlinersandalackofanelectricity-fueledreplacementfortheirheavyplanes.
ResearchersatDOEsNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL)aretakinga
freshlookatapromisingfamilyofnewandplentifulrawmaterials:foodwastesandurban
usedwatercontaininghumanmanure(粪肥).
Everyoneisbeginningtoseethepotentialoftakingtheseorganicmaterialsthatwe
normallyhavesenttolandfillsorwastewatertreatmentplants,saidDerekVardon,a
seniorresearchengineeratNREL.Manureandfoodwastescontainfattyacidsthatcanbe
changedtolinktheirchain-likestructurestogether.Theresultisaliquidfuel,Vardon
explained,onethathasseventimestheenergyofmethane—themaorcomponent(成
分)ofnaturalgas.Thatsneededtogetaheavyairlinerofftheground.
Otherresearchersarealsosensingthepotentialofrichandlow-carbonresourcesthat
couldbedevelopedbyworkingwithwastewatertreatmentplants.OneofthemisJianping
Yu,themainresearcherofaseparateNRELproectthatisexploringhowtoremovemaor
andtroublesomewaterpollutants(污染物)fromconventionalwastewatertreatment
processes.Hisideaistofeedthepollutantstoalgae(海藻)inthewastewaterplantsand
thensellthealgaeasaproductthatcanbemadeintocommercialfertilizers.Yusideaisto
collectanddevelopspecialalgae,sotheycanremoveasmuchas50%ofthepollutants
fromprocessedwastewater.Growingmorepowerfulalgae,hepoi
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