论劳动合同中的违约金制度.docVIP

内容提要

一直以来，在中国劳动协议实践中,违约金设定和支付是一个争议较大问题,关键因为中国《劳动法》没有对这一问题作出明确要求。而用人单位往往利用这一法律漏洞，设定高额违约金以限制劳动者择业自由，从而引发了很多不友好劳动争议案件。

从提出到实施历时三年之久《劳动协议法》，相关其立法宗旨等问题从草案（一审）到四次审议中一直饱受争议，直至今年一月才正式实施。新法以保护劳动者正当权益、促进友好稳定劳动关系为宗旨,明确要求了劳动协议只有在因专题培训约定服务期和因商业机密约定竞业限制这两种情况下能够约定违约金，在预防用人单位滥用违约金条款、保护劳动者自主择业权等方面起到关键作用。但新法在部分细节问题上还未明确，又无可借鉴判例，造成在具体个案中适用存在部分争议，往往依靠于法官自由裁量，亟待相关司法解释和地方性法规进行完善。

关键词：

违约服务期竞业限制倾斜保护

Abstract:

Sincethere’snoprovisionaboutthestipulationandpaymentofthedefaultpenaltyinourcountry’sLaborlaw,italwayscausesdisputeintheimplementationoflaborcontracts.Theemployeroftenmakesuseofthislegislationleaktostipulatehighquotapenalty,whichcanlimittheemployees’freedomtochoosejob.Thisphenomenaisoneimportantreasonforthehugesumoflabordisputecases.ItlastedthreeyearsfromthestatementofLaborContractLawtoitsvaliditybecauseofthecontroversyaboutitslegislativeobjectiveandotherdisputewhichexistedfromthefirsttrialtolasttrialofthislaw.Ultimately,LaborContractLawofficiallyimplementsfromJanuaryofthisyear.Itsaimistoprotecttheemployees’legitimaterightsandinterestsandtosafeguardtheharmoniouslaborrelations.Thislawsetthatthedefaultpenaltycanbestipulatedinthelaborcontractbecauseofthespecialtrainingwhichstipulatesaservicetermandthecompetitionrestrictionforthecommercialsecret.Therefor,itplaysaninfluentialroletopreventtheemployerstoabusethepenaltyprovisionandtoprotecttheemployees’freedomtochooseprofessions.Butbecausethenewlaw’sprovisionsarenotveryclearonsomedetailsandthere’snolegalprecedenttorefer,therearestillalotofdisputesinconcretecases.ItalwaysreliesontheDiscretionoftheJudgetosubsidethesedisputesandurgentlyawaitstherelatedjudicialinterpretationandthelocallawstocompleteitself.

Keyword:

BreachofContractservicetermcompetitionrestrictionorienta