章碳水化合物有机化学课件04 html1.pptx

章碳水化合物有机化学课件04 html1.pptx

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Chapter25

Carbohydrates

25.1

ClassificationofCarbohydrates

ClassificationofCarbohydratesmonosaccharidedisaccharideoligosaccharidepolysaccharide

isnotcleavedtoasimplercarbohydrateon

hydrolysis glucose,forexample,isamonosaccharideMonosaccharide

iscleavedtotwomonosaccharidesonhydrolysisthesetwomonosaccharidesmaybethe

sameordifferentDisaccharideC12H22O11+H2Osucrose

(adisaccharide)

iscleavedtotwomonosaccharidesonhydrolysisthesetwomonosaccharidesmaybethe

sameordifferentDisaccharideC12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6sucrose

(adisaccharide)glucose

(amonosaccharide)fructose

(amonosaccharide)

oligosaccharide: givesthreeormoremonosaccharideunitson

hydrolysispolysaccharide: yieldsmorethan10monosaccharideunitsHigherSaccharides

No.ofcarbons Aldose Ketose 4 Aldotetrose Ketotetrose 5 Aldopentose Ketopentose 6 Aldohexose Ketopentose 7 Aldoheptose Ketoheptose 8 Aldooctose KetooctoseTable25.1SomeClassesofCarbohydrates

25.2

FischerProjectionsandD-LNotation

FischerProjections

FischerProjections

FischerProjectionsofEnantiomers

FischerProjectionsofEnantiomers

EnantiomersofGlyceraldehydeCHOCH2OHHOHDCHOCH2OHHHOL(+)-Glyceraldehyde(–)-Glyceraldehyde

25.3

TheAldotetroses

stereochemistryassignedonbasisofwhether

configurationofhighest-numberedstereogeniccenter

isanalogoustoDorL-glyceraldehydeAnAldotetroseCHOCH2OHHOHHOH1234

stereochemistryassignedonbasisofwhether

configurationofhighest-numberedstereogeniccenter

isanalogoustoDorL-glyceraldehydeAnAldotetroseCHOCH2OHHOHHOH1234D

AnAldotetroseCHOCH2OHHOHHOH1234D-Erythrose

TheFourAldotetrosesCHOCH2OHHOHHOHD-ErythroseL-ErythroseCHOCH2OHHOHHHOD-ErythroseandL-erythroseareenantiomers

TheFourAldotetrosesCHOCH2OHHOHHOHCHOCH2OHHHOHOHD-ErythroseD-ThreoseD-ErythroseandD-threosearediastereomers

CHOCH2OHHOHHHOTheFourAldotetrosesCHOCH2OHHHOHOHL-ErythroseD-ThreoseL-ErythroseandD-threosearediastereomers

The

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