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tpo41三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识
TOC\o1-2\h\u30557阅读-1 2
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28304译文 5
7450题目 8
10219答案 17
1050背景知识 18
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11867背景知识 35
27569阅读-3 39
7852原文 39
4849译文 43
25583题目 46
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15192背景知识 56
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原文
NavajoArt
①TheNavajo,aNativeAmericanpeoplelivinginthesouthwesternUnitedStates,liveinsmallscatteredsettlements.Inmanyrespects,suchaseducation,occupation,andleisureactivities,theirlifeislikethatofothergroupsthatcontributetothediversesocialfabricofNorthAmericancultureinthetwenty-firstcentury.Atthesametime,theyhaveretainedsometraditionalculturalpracticesthatareassociatedwithparticularartforms.Forexample,themostimportanttraditionalNavajoritualsincludetheproductionoflargefloorpaintings.Theseareactuallymadebypouringthin,finelycontrolledstreamsofcoloredsandsorpulverizedvegetableandmineralsubstances,pollen,andflowersinprecisepatternsontheground.Thelargestofthesepaintingsmaybeupto5.5metersindiameterandcovertheentirefloorofaroom.Workingfromtheinsideofthedesignoutward,theNavajoartistandhisassistantswillsifttheblack,white,bluish-gray,orange,andredmaterialsthroughtheirfingerstocreatethefinelydetailedimagery.Thepaintingsandchantsusedintheceremoniesaredirectedbywell-trainedartistsandsingerswhoenlisttheaidofspiritswhoareimpersonatedbymaskedperformers.Thetwenty-fourknownNavajochantscanberepresentedbyupto500sandpaintings.Thesecomplexpaintingsserveasmemoryaidstoguidethesingersduringtheperformanceoftheritualsongs,whichcanlastuptoninedays.
②ThepurposeandmeaningofthesandpaintingscanbeexplainedbyexaminingoneofthemostbasicidealsofNavajosociety,embodiedintheirwordhozho(beautyorharmony,goodness,andhappiness).
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