- 1、本文档共25页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
PAGE
PAGE1
托福阅读tpo32R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
TOC\o1-2\h\u32525原文 1
24965译文 4
17653题目 6
19025答案 16
31398背景知识 17
原文
Siam,1851–1910
①Inthelatenineteenthcentury,politicalandsocialchangeswereoccurringrapidlyinSiam(nowThailand).Theoldrulingfamilieswerebeingdisplacedbyanevolvingcentralizedgovernment.Thesefamilieswerepensionedoff(givenasumofmoneytoliveon)orsimplyhadtheirrevenuestakenawayorrestricted;theirsonswereenticedawaytoschoolsfordistrictofficers,latertobepostedinsomefarawayprovince;andtheoldpatron-clientrelationsthathadboundtogetherlocalsocietiessimplydisintegrated.Localrulerscouldnolongerprotecttheirrelativesandattendantsinlegalcases,andwiththeendingin1905ofthepracticeofforcingpeasantfarmerstoworkpart-timeforlocalrulers,therulersnolongerhadaregularbaseforrelationswithruralpopulations.Theoldlocalrulingfamilies,then,wereseveredfromtheirtraditionalsocialcontext.
②Thesamesituationviewedfromtheperspectiveoftheruralpopulationisevenmorecomplex.Accordingtothegovernment’sfirstcensusoftheruralpopulation,takenin1905,therewereaboutthirtythousandvillagesinSiam.Thiswasprobablyalargeincreaseoverthefigureeventwoorthreedecadesearlier,duringthelate1800s.Itisdifficulttoimagineitnow,butSiam’sCentralPlaininthelate1800swasnowherenearasdenselysettledasitistoday.TherewerestillforestscloselysurroundingBangkokintothelastofthenineteenthcentury,andevenatcentury’sendtherewerewildelephantsandtigersroamingthecountrysideonlytwentyorthirtymilesaway.
③Muchpopulationmovementinvolvedtheopeningupofnewlandsforricecultivation.Twothingsmadethispossibleandencouragedittohappen.First,theopeningofthekingdomtothefullforceofinternationaltradebytheBoringTreaty(1855)rapidlyencouragedeconomicspecial
您可能关注的文档
- 托福阅读tpo27R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.docx
- 托福阅读tpo27R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf
- 托福阅读tpo27R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf
- 托福阅读tpo27R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.docx
- 托福阅读tpo27R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf
- 托福阅读tpo28R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.docx
- 托福阅读tpo28R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf
- 托福阅读tpo28R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.docx
- 托福阅读tpo28R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf
- 托福阅读tpo28R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.docx
文档评论(0)