2025年中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题剖析专题十 构词法 (1).pptxVIP

专题十构词法

命题点1派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫作前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫作后缀。

考向1前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）1.表否定意义的前缀前缀含义例词un-不able→unableusual→unusualhappy→unhappytidy→untidycomfortable→uncomfortablein-不active→inactivecorrect→incorrectexpensive→inexpensivecomplete→incompleteim-不polite→impolitepatient→impatientpossible→impossible

前缀含义例词dis-不like→dislikeappear→disappearagree→disagreehonest→dishonestnon-不；非smoker→non-smokernative→non-native续表

2.其他前缀含义例词mis-错误地understand→misunderstandlead→misleadre-再；又view→reviewwrite→rewriteinter-相互；交互net→Internetnational→internationalen-使……rich→enrichable→enabledanger→endanger

前缀含义例词tele-远；远距离地phone→telephonevision→television续表

考向2后缀（后缀多数改变词性）前缀含义例词形容词→副词-lyquiet→quietlyreal→reallyfinal→finally以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i再加-lyeasy→easilyhappy→happilyangry→angrilyheavy→heavily

前缀含义例词形容词→副词以“辅音字母+le”结尾，去掉e再加-ysimple→simplyterrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably少数以e结尾，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly续表

前缀含义例词名词→形容词-yrain→rainyhealth→healthywealth→wealthyluck→lucky-lylove→lovelyfriend→friendly-ousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous续表

前缀含义例词名词→形容词-fuluse→usefulcare→carefulhelp→helpful-lessuse→uselesscare→careless-ernwest→westernsouth→southern续表

前缀含义例词名词→形容词-engold→goldenwood→wooden-alnation→nationaltradition→traditional-ishfool→foolishchild→childish续表

前缀含义例词动词→形容词-ablecomfort→comfortableenjoy→enjoyable-tiveact→activecreate→creative-d，-edsurprise→surprisedmove→movedinterest→interestedrelax→relaxed-inginterest→interestingexcite→exciting续表

前缀含义例词形容词→名词-nessill→illnesssad→sadnesscareful→carefulnesskind→kindnesshappy→happiness-ydifficult→difficulty-ityable→abilityreal→realitypossible→possibility续表

前缀含义例词形容词→名词-ce（以t结尾,去t再加-ce）important→importancesilent→silencedifferent→difference-th（以e结尾，去e再加-th）true→truthwarm→warmth-erforeign→foreigner续表

前缀含义例词动词→名词-er，-or，-ressteach→teacherwin→winneract→actorvisit→visitorwait→waitress-（t）ion/sioninvite→invitationattract→attractiondecide→decisiondiscuss→discussion-mentdevelop→developmentmove→movement续表

前缀含义例词名词→名词-istart→artistpiano→pian