汽车转向系统外文原文和翻译.docx

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专业整理

专业整理

本文摘于《RaceCarVehicleDynamics》

作者:WilliamF.MilikenandDouglasL.Miliken

Steering systems

Introduction

Thischapterbeginswithadiscussionofsteeringgeometry—casterangle,trail,kingpininclination,andscrubradius.ThenextsectiondiscussAckermanngeometryfollowedbysteeringracksandgears.Ridesteer(bumpsteer)androllsteerarecloselyrelatedtoeach

other;withoutcompliancetheywouldbethesame.Finally,wheelalignmentisdiscussed.this chapteristiedtochapter17onsuspensiongeometry

–whendesigninganewchassis,steeringandsuspensiongeometryconsiderationsarehighpriorities.

steeringgeometry

Thekingpininasolidfrontaxleisthesteeringpivot.Inmodernindependentsuspensions,introducedbyMauriceolleyatCadillacin1932,thekingpinisreplacedbytwo(ormore)balljointsthatdefinethesteeringaxis.Thisaxisisnotverticalorcenteredonthetirecontactpatchforanumberofreason.seefigure19.1toclarifyhowkingpinlocationismeasured.

Infrontview,theangleiscalledkingpininclinationandtheoffsetofthesteeringaxisfromthecenterofthetireprintmeasuredalongthegroundiscalledscrub(orscrubradius).Thedistancefromthekingpinaxistothewheelcenterplane,measuredhorizontallyataxleheight,isthespindlelength.

Insideviewthekingpinangleiscalledcasterangle;ifthekingpinaxisdoesnotpassthroughthewheelcenterthensideviewkingpinoffsetispresent,asinmostmotorcyclefrontends.Thedistancemeasuredonthegroundfromthesteeringaxistothecenterofthetireprintisthetrail(calledcasteroffsetinref.1)

Kingpinfrontviewgeometry

Asmentionedinchapter17,kingpininclination,spindlelength,andscrubareusuallyacompromisebetweenpackagingandperformancerequirements.Somefactorstoconsiderinclude:

Withapositivespindlelength(virtuallyeverycarispositiveasshowninfigure19.1)thecarwill

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