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专业整理
专业整理
本文摘于《RaceCarVehicleDynamics》
作者：WilliamF.MilikenandDouglasL.Miliken
Steering systems
Introduction
Thischapterbeginswithadiscussionofsteeringgeometry—casterangle,trail,kingpininclination,andscrubradius.ThenextsectiondiscussAckermanngeometryfollowedbysteeringracksandgears.Ridesteer(bumpsteer)androllsteerarecloselyrelatedtoeach
other;withoutcompliancetheywouldbethesame.Finally,wheelalignmentisdiscussed.this chapteristiedtochapter17onsuspensiongeometry
–whendesigninganewchassis,steeringandsuspensiongeometryconsiderationsarehighpriorities.
steeringgeometry
Thekingpininasolidfrontaxleisthesteeringpivot.Inmodernindependentsuspensions,introducedbyMauriceolleyatCadillacin1932,thekingpinisreplacedbytwo(ormore)balljointsthatdefinethesteeringaxis.Thisaxisisnotverticalorcenteredonthetirecontactpatchforanumberofreason.seefigure19.1toclarifyhowkingpinlocationismeasured.
Infrontview,theangleiscalledkingpininclinationandtheoffsetofthesteeringaxisfromthecenterofthetireprintmeasuredalongthegroundiscalledscrub(orscrubradius).Thedistancefromthekingpinaxistothewheelcenterplane,measuredhorizontallyataxleheight,isthespindlelength.
Insideviewthekingpinangleiscalledcasterangle;ifthekingpinaxisdoesnotpassthroughthewheelcenterthensideviewkingpinoffsetispresent,asinmostmotorcyclefrontends.Thedistancemeasuredonthegroundfromthesteeringaxistothecenterofthetireprintisthetrail(calledcasteroffsetinref.1)
Kingpinfrontviewgeometry
Asmentionedinchapter17,kingpininclination,spindlelength,andscrubareusuallyacompromisebetweenpackagingandperformancerequirements.Somefactorstoconsiderinclude:
Withapositivespindlelength(virtuallyeverycarispositiveasshowninfigure19.1)thecarwill
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