2020 罗兰贝格：轮式电脑 ∕ 汽车电子和半导体领域的颠覆.pdf

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Computeronwheels/Disruptionin

automotiveelectronicsandsemiconductors

FOREWORD

ormorethan120years,thecarwasamechanicalmeansofgettingfromAtoB,anisolated

systemwhosestandoutfeaturewastheengine.Thatsnotthecaseanymore.

FToday,aswithotherproducts,mostautomotiveinnovationsareelectronicorsoftware

based.Carshavebecomeconnected:customersexpecttobealwaysonline;trafficupdates

areautomaticallybeamedintotheircars;andelectricvehiclescommunicatewithcharging

infrastructure.Atthesametime,featuressuchasparkingbyapporadaptivecruisecontrol

arebecomingincreasinglycommon.Infact,thecaristurningintoasystemwithinasystemof

systems.Soon,nearlyallcarswillbeconnectedandpartoftheInternetofThings,requiringsecure

connectionsforupdatesandupgradesoverthelifeofthecar.

Butthereisadownsidetothisprogress.Thecomplexityofelectronicsanddistributedsoftware

featureshasreachedanunprecedentedlevelthatisprovingdifficulttohandle.Newhardwareand

softwaretechnologieshaveemergedtohelpuntanglethiscomplexity,buttheyarenotwithout

theirownchallenges.

Forexample,theautomotiveindustryisleveragingadvancesincomputingpowertoconsolidate

electroniccontrolunits(ECUs)intocentralizedcomputingplatformsconnectedbytheautomotive

ethernet.Thisgreatlyreducescomplexityonthenetworklevelbecauseoflowerrelativehardware

costs,butgreatlyincreasessoftwarecomplexitywithintheseprocessors.

Inaddition,end-to-endsoftwareplatformspromisetoreducesoftwarecomplexitybyallowing

theplug-and-playofnewfunctionsandloweringhardwarerequirements.However,noteven

basicsoftwareiscompletelyindependentofthechipset.Processorperformanceandpossible

parallelizationoftasksmustbeconsideredwhendesigningsoft

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