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20thCenturyEnglishLiterature;Background;TheSocialBackground;TheSocialBackground;TheSocialBackground;TheSocialBackground;Cultural/IdeologicalBackground;1.NewTheoriesandIdeas;1)Darwin’stheoryofevolution
2)Einstein’stheoryofrelativity
3)SigmundFreud’sanalyticalpsychology
4)KarlMarx
5)ArthurSchopenhauer
6)FriedrichNietzsche
7)HenryBergson’sirrationalphilosophy
8)Sartresexistentialism;Darwin’stheoryofevolution
Spencer’sSocialDarwinism;HerbertSpencer’sSocialDarwinism;2)Einsteinstheoryofrelativity;3)SigmundFreud’sanalyticalpsychology
弗洛伊德的精神分析学说;4)KarlMarxand
FriedrichEngels;5)ArthurSchopenhauer
(叔本华,1788-1860);6)FriedrichNietzsche
(尼采,1844-1900);Godisdead
NietzscheputsthestatementGodisDead
intothemouthofamadmanin
TheJoyfulScience(1882).;7)HenryBergson(1859-1941)’sirrationalphilosophy;HisconceptionsoflifeimpulseandpsychictimemadetheWesternidealistphilosophyafresh.
TheseirrationalistphilosophersexertedimmenseinfluencesoverthemajormodernistwritersinBritain.;8)Sartresexistentialism;Existentialistidea;NewTrends;2.Modernism;Thefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturysawseveralmajorworksofmodernismpublished,including
theseminalshortstorycollectionDublinersbyJamesJoyce
JosephConradsHeartofDarkness
thepoetryanddramaofWilliamButlerYeats
ImportantnovelistsbetweentheWorldWarsincluded
VirginiaWoolf
E.M.Forster
EvelynWaugh:Englishauthorofsatiricalnovels(1903-1966)
D.H.Lawrence;1)therisingofallkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernism;Characteristics;3)Modernismemphasizesontheneedtomoveawayfromthepublictotheprivate,fromtheobjectivetothesubjective.
Itelevatestheindividualandtheinnerbeingoverthesocialbeing,prefersthesub-conscioustotheself-conscious,andstressesonpassionandwilloverreasonandintellection,ondynamicvisionsoverthestaticimages.
4)TheFrenchsymbolismhera
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