动词-2024年中考英语专项复习.docxVIP

动词

动词的分类

分类法

种类

例词

按句法作用分类

实义动词

及物动词

play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak

不及物动词

go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look

助动词

do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has

情态动词

can,could,must,haveto,may,might,will,should,shall

系动词

become,get,turn,look,smell,sound,smell,feel,remain,stay

按词汇意义分类

动态动词

持续性动词

read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase

瞬息性动词

jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy

状态动词

allow,need,order,prefer,require,ask,mind,advice

及物动词

及物动词后可直接接宾语，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、双宾语的及物动词、宾语补足语的及物动词。

常见跟单宾语的及物动词:catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,grow,borrow,put,forget,love,worry...

Eg:Don’tbreaktherules.

Wearegoingtodiscussthetopicingroups.

Iborrowapenfromastranger.

Putthebananasintheblender.

间接宾语前可加to或for的及物动词:give,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,read,sing,draw,make,choose,cook...

Eg:Myfatherboughtabikeformeasapresent.

MissLiofferedsomepicturestous.

间接宾语一定要放在直接宾语前的及物动词:ask,cost...

Eg:Thedoctoraskedmesomequestions.

Itcostsmetwentydollars.

常见跟宾语补足语的及物动词

名词作宾语补足语:call,consider,name,make...

Eg:RobinsonnamedthemanFriday.

形容词作宾语补足语:make,find,believe,keep...

Eg:Asadmoviemakesmeunhappy.

分词作宾语补足语:see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make,have...

Eg:Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.

Lilyhasherhaircut.

带to的不定式作宾语补足语:advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,invite,allow,encourage,remind,require...

Eg:Myparentsrequiredmetocleanmyroom.

TheyinvitedMr.Blacktotakepartinthegame.

不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...

Eg:Isawhimwalkintothehall.

Thefunnymoviemakespeoplelaugh.

不及物动词

不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，大多数动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少，常见纯不及物动词有：arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...

Eg:Wearrivedatthesciencemuseumat8:30thismorning.

Thepolicehappenedtoknowthetruth.

助动词

助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能用来帮助主动词构成各种时态、语态、否定式和疑问式等。基本助动词