南华大学英国文学考试必备.pdf

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Geoffreychaucer–thefatherofEnglishpoetryandoneofthegreatestnarrativepoets

ofEngland.

文艺复兴(renaissance)

1.Background

a.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofbreakingupoffeudalrelations

andtheestablishingofthefoundationsofthecapitalism.

b.Theenclosureofcommonsdrovethousandsofpeasantsofftheirlandsand

manyofthemsettledintown.

th

c.Atthebeginningofthe16century,absolutemonarchywasformedin

England.d.Renaissancearemarkedbythedevelopmentofartsandscience.a

flourishingofnaturalculture

2.Importantfigures

a.Humanists(人文主义者)

Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiasticalknowledge,butinman,his

environmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationoftheman

fromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.Thomas

more(Utopia)

b.ThefirstmantointroducethesonnettoEnglishliteratureThomasWyatt

Sonnet:invariably14lines(always14lines,nomorenoless)usuallyiniambic

pentameter

c.ThegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopherFrancisBaconwrotehisfamous

philosophicalandliteraryworks.

d.ThegreatestepicpoemofthetimeTheFairyQueenSpenser

e.Varioustypesofnovelweredevelopedinthe16thcentury

f.ThepioneersofdramawasMarlowe|reformthatgenre,perfectedthe

languageandverseofdramaticworks,hemadeblankverse.

3.WilliamShakespeare

Oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism;amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhuman

charactersandrelations.Hehas37plays(10histories,14tragedies,10comedies,

3tragic-comedies)2narrativepoemsand154sonnets.

4.FrancisBacon

Popedescribedhimasthe―wisest,brightest,meanestofmankind‖

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