二零二三年 优质公开课外研英语三Module4grammar.ppt

动词不定式1．不定式的形式：（以动词do为例）??????主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone否定式：not+todoToteachEnglishismyjob.Weplantopayavisit.??????Heseemstoknowalot.??????Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisputoff.??????Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.Tocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.（1）一般式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后

Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.?????Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.(2)进行式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，（3）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.（1）作主语动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.（2）作表语作表语的不定式带to与不带to。作表语的不定式通常带to，当主语部分含有实义动词do，不定式作表语可省to。TheonlythingIcandois(to)wait.如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：agree,ask,beg,choose,expect,fail,help,hope,learnmanage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,prefer,refuse,want,wishIhavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.Thereisnothingtodobutwait.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语动词不定式与疑问词连用作宾语HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.find,feel,consider,think,make+it+adj./n+todoIfinditpossibletoaskthequestion（4）作宾语补足语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.有些动词如make,let,have,see,find,watch,observe,notice,listento,hear,feel与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加togetsth/sb.todoHegotthecartostart.（5）作定语