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TransgenicPlants
NewcropswithnovelproductsUseandValueofTransgenicPlantsBreedingnewcropsandlivestockImprovedperformanceNewcropswithnovelproductsAgriculturePlant‘factories’or‘bio-reactors’Reducedherbicide/pesticideuseBioremediation/phytoremediationEnvironment‘Farmaceuticals’
GenerationofTransgenicPlantsAgrobacteriumtumefaciensMicroinjectionBiolistics
HowTransgenicPlantsareMadeMostwidelyusedmethodisAgrobacterium-mediatedtransformationWorksformanydicotsandsomemoncotsNospecialistequipmentnecessary-anylabcandoit
Agrobacterium-anaturalgeneticengineerAgrobacteriumtumefaciens-asoilbacteriumthatcausescrowngalldiseaseonplantscontainslargeTiplasmid(Tumor-inducingplasmid)TiplasmidhasregionofDNA,theT-DNA(Transferred-DNA),thatisincorporatedintotheplant’snuclearDNAoninfection
TiPlasmidT-DNAregionAuxinLeftborderCytokininOpineOpinecatabolismRightbordervirgenesori12-24kbp
TiPlasmidAuxin–iaaMandiaaH-synthesisetheplantgrowthhormoneauxin(indoleaceticacid)Cytokinin-tmr(ipt)gene-generatesthecytokinintranszeatinOpine-opinesarecondensationreactionproductsbetweenaminoandketoacids(e.g.nopaline,octopine,agropine).SynthesisedandsecretedfromgallsUsedasacarbon(sometimesnitrogen)sourcebyAgrobacterumOpinecatabolism–notpartofT-DNAregionvirgenes–essentialforthetransferandintegrationoftheT-DNAregionAuxinCytokinin–promotecellgrowth-formationofcrowngall
PlantcellAgrobacteriumNucleusTransferofT-DNAfromAgrobacteriumtoplantcellT-DNATiplasmid
PlantcellAgrobacteriumTransferofT-DNAfromAgrobacteriumtoplantcellwoundT-DNATiplasmidNucleus
CCH3OOHOCH3CH3OAcetosyringoneCCH2OHOOHOCH3CH3OHydroxyacetosyringoneInducetheactivityofthevirulence(vir)genesontheTiplasmid
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