西方文化课程讲义.docx

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西方文化课程讲义.docx

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西方文化课程讲义

Outline

Chapter1GreekCulture

Chapter2RomanCulture

Chapter3ChristianCulture

Chapter4MedievalCulture

Chapter5CultureintheRenaissance

Chapter6Cultureinthe17thCentury

Chapter7CultureintheEnlightenment

Chapter8Romanticism

Chapter9Realism

Chapter1GreekCulture

Introduction

Westcultureismadeupofmanyelements,twoofmoreenduringare:theGreco-Roman(希腊罗马旳)element,andtheJudeo-Christian(犹太教和基督教旳)element.

ThefoundationofWesternculturewaslaidbytheGreeks.AncientGreeceisknownforadvancesinphilosophy,architecture,drama,government,andscience.

ThemostfamousperiodofancientGreekcivilizationiscalledtheclassicalAge,whichlastedfromabout500to323B.C.Duringthisperiod,ancientGreeksreachedtheirhighestprosperityandproducedamazingculturalaccomplishments.Unlikemostotherpeoplesofthetime,GreeksoftheClassicalAgewerenotruledbykings.Greekcommunitiestreasuredthefreedomtogovernthemselves,althoughtheyarguedaboutthebestwaytodoandoftenwarredagainsteachother.Theyhighlightedtheidealofdemocracyandtheimportanceoftheindividual.

HistoryofAncientGreece

AgeofAegeanCivilization(B.C.3000—B.C.1000)爱琴文明时期

WesterncivilizationhasalonghistoryaslongasEasterncivilization,andhaslastedalmost5000yearssincetheoriginofAegeancivilization,whichincludestwokindsofcultures:Minoanculture(米诺斯文化)andtheMycenaeanculture(迈锡尼文化).

Minoancultureflourishedfrom3000BCto1000BC.ItshighpeakistheruinsoftheimperialpalacediscoveredinKnossos(克诺索斯),thecapitaloftheMinoanDynasty.(米诺斯王朝)TheDorians(多里亚人)fromGreeceintrudedinthe11thcenturyBCandMinoanculturesankintooblivion.

TheruinsofMycenaeanculturewasfirstdiscoveredbytheGermanarchaeologistHeinrichSchliemanninthe1870s.MycenaeanculturewascreatedbyAchaean(阿卡亚人)in16thcenturyBCanddestroyedbyDoriansin12thcentury.It