201708_Riscure_Whitepaper_Safety_is_not_Security_Automotive-Safety ≠ Security 故障注入恢复能力的安全评估 ASIL-D认证微控制器中的攻击.pdf
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Safety≠Security
Asecurityassessmentoftheresilienceagainstfaultinjection
attacksinASIL-Dcertifiedmicrocontrollers
Authors:NilsWiersma,RamiroPareja
Publishedat:RiscureSecurityLab
ContactRiscure:inforequest@
Abstractorsummary
Withtheever-increasingamountofelectroniccomponentsinvehiclesand,inparticular,theamountof
complexautonomousactionsthatthesecomponentsperform,securitytopicsbecomemoreandmore
importantintheautomotiveindustry.Notonlyfromabusinesspointofview,asvaluableIPassetsare
containedwithinthesecomponents,butalsofromasafetypointofview,especiallywhenvulnerabilitiesleadto
remotelyexploitableattacks.Logicalattacksinthisfieldareabundant,butattacksusinghardwarecentered
techniquessuchasfaultinjectionareunderrepresented.Researchersandprofessionalsoftenpaynoattention
totheseattacksbecausetheyrequirephysicalaccesstothechip,ignoringthattheassetsobtained(e.g.,
firmware,keys,etc.)canbeusedlatertopreparearemoteattack.
Thisworkaimstoaddressthelackofattentiononfaultinjectionattacksbyinvestigatingtwomodern
microcontrollerunitsthatreceivethehighestsafetyassurancerating(ASIL-D)oftheISO26262standard.This
isdoneinbothatheoreticalcharacterizationsetupandamorerealisticsetupwheredebugginginterfacesare
targeted.Theresultsobtainedfromthesesetupsshowthatthemechanismsimplementedtoadheretothis
maximumsafetyratingdonotadequatelyprotectagainstfaultinjectionattacksandarethereforeinsufficient
toensuresecuritybythemselves–additionalcountermeasuresarerequired.Eachsetuprequired
approximatelyoneweekofpreparation,butoncetheattackerfindstheoptimalfaultinjectionparameters,the
attackcanberepeatedinlessthananhour.Weprovidesomerecommendationsonwhattypeof
countermeasuresshouldbeconsideredtoimprovet
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