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Chapter3Queues;Aqueueisadatastructuremodeledafteralineofpeoplewaitingtobeserved.Alongwithstacks,queuesareoneofthesimplestkindsofdatastructures.Thischapterdevelopspropertiesofqueues,studieshowtheyareapplied,andexaminesdifferentimplementations.TheimplementationsillustratetheuseofderivedclassesinC++andtheimportantobject-orientedtechniqueofclassinheritance.
;ContentPoints;Definitions;QueueOperations
(队列的基本操作);Error_codeQueue::append(constQueue_entryx);
postcondition:Ifthereisspace,xisaddedtotheQueueasitsrear.OtherwiseanError_codeofoverflowisreturned.;Error_codeQueue::retrieve(Queue_entryx)const;
postcondition:IftheQueueisnotempty,thefrontoftheQueuehasbeenrecordedasx.OtherwiseanError_codeofunderflowisreturned.(取队头元素);classQueue{
public:
Queue();
boolempty()const;
Error_codeappend(constQueue_entryx);
Error_codeserve();
Error_coderetrieve(Queue_entryx)const;
//Additionalmemberswillrepresentqueuedata.
};;ExtendedQueueOperations
;ExtendedQueueOperations
;ExtendedQueueOperations
;ExtendedQueueOperations
;ExtendedQueueOperations
;CconsiderC++classesthatmightbeusedinaprogramtomanageauniversitybudget.SomeoftheseclassesareUniversity,Student,University_president,andPerson.Everystudentisaperson,andthereforewemightcreatetheclassStudentasderivedfromtheclassPersontoreflecttheis-arelationshipbetweenthecorrespondingconcepts.TheclassUniversity_presidentcouldalsobeimplementedasaderivedclassofPersontoreflectanotherobviousis-arelationship.
TheclassesUniversityandUniversity_presidentdonotreflectanis-arelationship,howevertheclassesarerelated,becauseeveryuniversitydoeshaveapresident.Weshallsaythattheseclassesreflectahas-arelationship,andinanimplementationwewouldmakethisrelationshipclearbylayeringtheclasses,thatis,byinclud
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