2023年中国建设银行招聘考试模拟试题英语部分.doc

中国建设银行招聘考试模拟试题英语部分

第三部分?英语部分

Passage?1?

Over?the?past?decade,?American?companies?have?tried?hard?to?find?ways?to?discourage?senior?from?feathering?their?own?nests?at?the?expense?of?their?shareholders.?The?three?most?popular?reforms?have?been?recruiting?more?outside?directors?in?order?to?make?boards?more?independent,?linking?bosses’pay?to?various?performance?measures,?and?giving?bosses?share?options,?so?that?they?have?the?same?long-term?interests?as?their?shareholders.

These?reforms?have?been?widely?adopted?by?American’s?larger?companies,?and?surveys?suggest?that?many?more?companies?are?thinking?of?following?their?lead.?But?have?they?done?any?good??Three?papers?presented?at?the?annual?meeting?of?the?Academy?of?Management?in?Boston?this?week?suggest?not.?As?is?usually?the?case?with?boardroom?tinkering,?the?consequences?have?differed?from?those?intended.

Start?with?those?independent?boards.?On?the?face?of?it,?dismissing?the?boss’s?friends?from?the?board?and?replacing?them?with?outsiders?looks?a?perfect?way?to?make?senior?managers?more?accountable.?But?that?is?not?the?conclusion?of?a?study?by?Professor?James?Westphal.?Instead,?he?found?that?bosses?with?a?boardroom?full?of?outsides?spend?much?of?their?time?building?alliances,?doing?personal?favors?and?generally?pleasing?the?outsiders.

All?too?often,?these?seductions?succeed.?Mr.Westphal?found?that,?to?a?remarkable?degree,?“independent”?boards?pursue?strategies?that?are?likely?to?favor?senior?managers?rather?than?shareholders.?Such?companies?diversify?their?business,?increase?the?pay?of?executives?and?weaken?the?link?between?pay?and?performance.

To?assess?the?impact?of?performance?related?pay,?Mr.Westphal?asked?the?bosses?of?103?companies?with?sales?of?over?$1?billion?what?measurements?were?used?to?determine?their?pay.?The?measurements?varied?widely,?ranging?from?sales?to?earnings?per?share.?But?the?researcher’s?big?discovery?was?that?bosses?attend?to?measures?that?affect?their?own?incomes?and?ignore?or?play?down?