双语课]american-political-system--美国政治结构示意图ppt课件.pptx

美国现代政治制度

America‘sPolitical

System

StateGovernment州政府

Dealingwithlawandorder,education,

publichealthandthingsconcerningdailylives.

Basedonfederalism,theseparationof

powers,andrespectfortheconstitution

Foreignaffairsandmattersofgeneralconcerntoallstates.

andtheruleoflaw.2

UnionGovernment联邦政府

Political

System

•TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthesupremelaw.Itprovidesthe

frameworkfortheorganizationoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.The

documentdefinesthethreemainbranchesofthegovernment:ThelegislativebranchwithabicameralCongress,anexecutivebranchledbythePresident,andajudicialbranchheadedbytheSupremeCourt.Besidesprovidingfortheorganizationofthesebranches,theConstitutioncarefullyoutlineswhich

powerseachbranchmayexercise.Italsoreservesnumerousrightsfortheindividualstates,therebyestablishingtheUnitedStatesfederalsystemofgovernment.Itistheshortestandoldestwrittenconstitutionofanymajor3

THEPOLITICALSYSTEMINTHE

UNITEDSTATES

Constitution

Executive

Branch

Judicial

Branch

Legislative

Branch

•（2）TheHouseofRepresentatives（众议院）

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一、TheLegislativeBranch

•Congress

TheBicameralSystem（两院制）

•（1）TheSenate（参议院）

LegislativeBranch

Thelegislativebranchismadeupofelectedrepresentatives

fromallofthestatesandistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,levyfederaltaxes,declarewarorputforeigntreatiesinto

effect.ItconsistsofaCongressthatisdividedintotwohouses:

ChiefOfficial:Presidentofthe

Senate(VicePresidentoftheUSA.)

ChiefOfficial:

TheSpeakeroftheHouse

TheSenate

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•Eachofthe50stateselectstwoSenatorsregardlessof

population,thatassuresthatthesmallstateshaveanequalvoiceinoneofthehousesofCongress.

•ThetermforSenatorsissixyears,butonethirdofthemareelected