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植物开花时间控制的分子机理Molecularmechanismofplantfloweringtimecontrol第十章基因和发育第二讲ByHongweiGuo,PekingUniversity,2008.12.18
TransitiontoreproductionVegetativephaseReproductivephase?Whentoflowerisamatterofthesurvivalofspecies
TwomajorpathwaysregulatingfloraltransitionPhotoperiodicflowering(光周期开花):day-lengthdependentfloweringtimecontrolVernalization(春化):cold-promotedflowering
(“MarylandMammoth”cultivaroftobacco)
FloralinductionofleavesofShortDayplantPerrilacrispa“Something”mustbeproducedinleavesand“move”tothemeristemLongjourneytoidentify“Florigen”began(LangandZeevart)
MultiplegraftingexperimentwithPerillaLongdistancetransport----thruvasculartissue
thefloweringsignalisgeneratedintheleafthesignalgoesoneway:fromtheleaftotheapexGraftingtransmittableThefloweringsignal:florigenvegetativeorreproductivegrowth?SAMFlorigenFlorigenFlorigen
PhotoperiodicfloweringTwoessentialquestions:1.Howdoestheleafmeasureday-length?2.Whatistheflorigen?
GeneticsprovidestheanswersArabidopsis:LongDayPlantFloweringisinducedbyLongDay(LD)Certainlatefloweringmutantsareblindtophotoperiodcryptochrome2(cry2)phytochromeA(phyA)contstans(co)floweringlocust(ft)Cry2:bluelightreceptorPhyA:Far-redlightreceptorCO:transcriptionalco-activatorFT:transcriptionalco-activator(?)
3wavelengths(Blue,Red,Far-red)areimportantinregulatingplantgrowthanddevelopment
Phytochromes(光敏色素）：Red/Far-redlightreceptorsCryptochromes(隐花色素）：BluelightreceptorsphyAalsoabsorbsbluelight
SignalTrans-duction
Lighthasadualroleinthismodel:-entrainsthecircadianoscillationoflight-anddark-sensitivephases-directlyrequiredfortheproductionofthesignal.(originallyproposedbyBoenning,1936)
PRR:photoperiodresponseregulator
PRR:photoperiodresponseregulator
COisessentialforphotoperiodicflowering,ascomutantislatefloweringandalmo
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