跨文化交际(十二).ppt

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2024-03-11 发布于四川
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跨文化交际(十二).ppt

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Part6

Howcanwesucceedininterculturalcommunication?

Chapter10AcceptingDifferencesandAppreciatingSimilarities

OutlineAPhilosophyofChangePotentialProblemsinICImprovingICEthnicalConsideration

PotentialProblemsinIC1.SeekingSimilarities2.UncertaintyReduction3.DiversityofCommunicationPurposes4.StereotypingandPrejudice5.Power6.CultureShock7.Ethnocentrism

1.SeekingSimilaritiesBirdsofafeatherflocktogethermeansthatpeoplewhoaresimilartoeachotheroftenspendtimetogether.

2.UncertaintyReductionThisuncertaintycantakeanumberofforms.BehaviorquestionsCognitivequestions

3.DiversityofCommunicationPurposesGreeting,askingforhelpandsoonEmotionalcatharsis

4.StereotypingandPrejudiceStereotypesisacomplexformofcategorizationthatmentallyorganizesourexperiencesandguidesourbehaviortowardaparticulargroupofpeople.甘肃美国人a.女人是好听众。b.男人有进取心。c.哦，我明白他为什么那么有礼貌，他是日本人。d.呵，那样的行为，有什么好惊讶的，她是个律师。Thereasonforthepervasivenatureofstereotypesisthathumanbeingshaveapsychologicalneedtocategorizeandclassify.

TherearemanyreasonsthatstereotypeshamperIC.First,stereotypesfailtospecifyindividualcharacteristics.Second,stereotypesaresimplified,over-generalized,and/orexaggerated.Third,stereotypesrepeatandreinforceuntiltheyoftenbecometakenfor“truth”.Stereotypesarelearnedinavarietyofways.First,peoplelearnstereotypesfromtheirparents,relativesandfriends.Second,stereotypesdevelopthroughlimitedpersonalcontact.Finally,manystereotypesareprovidedbythemassmedia.

Prejudicereferstoanunfair,biased,orintolerantattitudetowardsanothergroupofpeople.Whenappliedtotheinterpersonalandinterculturalsetting,prejudiceoftenincludesvariouslevelsofhostility.Prejudicesarealsolearned.Prejudiceisexpressedinmanyways.Anti-locutionAvoidingand/orwithdrawfromcontactwiththedislikedgroupDiscriminationPhysicalattacksExterminatio