云南财经大学英语思辨复习资料.pdf

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Unit1

Part1

1.Criticalthinkinginvolvesthinkingaboutthinking

2.Theavailabilityheuristicinvolvesunconsciouslyassigninga

probabilitytoatypeofeventbasedonhowoftenonethinksofeventsof

thattype.

3.Anissuesimplyraisesaquestion.

4.Thepartofanargumentthatprovidesareasonforacceptingtheother

partiscalledthepremise.

5.Ageneralruleweunconsciouslyfollowinestimatingprobabilitiesis

calledaheuristic.

Part2

1.Theconclusionofanargumentiswhatthepremisesupposedlysupports

ordemonstrates.

2.Thetendencytoweighnegativeevidencemoreheavilythanpositive

evidenceiscalledanegativitybias.

3.A(n)argumentpresentsaconsiderationforacceptingaclaim.

4.Assumingthatsocietyingeneralsharestheviewsheldbyusandthe

peopleweknowisthefalseconsensuseffect.

Part3

1.“PresidentLincolnwasthefinestU.S.Presidentinhistory”isan

objectiveclaim.(F)

2.Whetheranobjectiveclaimistrueorfalsedependsonwhetherpeople

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thinkitistrueorfalse.(F)

3.Criticalthinkingshouldincludebiasesoremotions.(F)

4.Experiencedphilosophersorotherspecialistsintheirfieldsrarely

make

mistakesinreasoning.(F)

Part4

1.Educatedguessesorrulesofthumbareoftencalledheuristics

2.Emotion,greed,andbiasareallfactorsthatcanunderminecritical

thinking.

3.Whataretheultimateobjectivesofthinkingcritically?(Checkallthat

apply.)(C,D)

A.TomakevisedecisionsB.Tocometocorrectconclusions

C.TomakehastygeneralizationD.Todevelopadversarythinking

4.AllDobermansaredogs.Somedogsliketobark.ThereforesomeDobermans

lik