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OralandMaxillofacial
MedicalImaging
X-rayHistoryX-raysdiscoveredonNov.8,1895,byWilhelmConradRoentgenDr.OttoWalkhofftookfirstdentalradiograph;25-minuteexposureDr.C.EdmundKellstookthefirstintraoralradiographinearly18960
0Earlyx-raymachine.Arrowpointsto“live”electricalwire.
ClinicalExam+RadiographsDiagnosisTreatment0
0BitewingRadiograph(X-rayFilm,“X-ray”)PeriapicalRadiograph
0PanoramicRadiograph
0CephalometricRadiograph
0TMJRadiograph
X-rayProduction0
0Atom(electricallyneutral)AtomicNumber(Z)=#ofprotonsK-shellL-shellprotonsneutronselectronsM-shell
0Atom(electricallyneutral)AtomicNumber(Z)=#ofprotonsK-shellL-shellprotonsneutronselectronsM-shell
0Atom(electricallyneutral)AtomicNumber(Z)=#ofprotonsK-shellL-shellprotonsneutronselectronsM-shell
AttractionbetweenprotonsandelectronsElectrostaticForce0
CentrifugalForcePullselectronsawayfromnucleus0
Balancebetweenelectrostaticforceandcentrifugalforcekeepselectronsinorbitaroundnucleus0EFCF
Theamountofenergyrequiredtoremoveanelectronfromitsorbit(=electrostaticforce).Dependsonatomicnumber(Z)(#ofprotons).BindingEnergy0
ThemovementofenergythroughspaceasacombinationofelectricandmagneticfieldsElectromagneticRadiationTravelatthespeedoflight(3x108meters/second)(186,000miles/second)0
ElectromagneticRadiationX-rayGammarayMicrowavesVisiblelightTVwavesRadiowaves0
WavelengthxFrequency=SpeedoflightFWW0
ElectromagneticSpectrumradiotvvisiblelightx-raysgammarayscosmicrays0
ENERGYAbilitytopenetrateShorterwavelength,higherenergyHigherfrequency,higherenergy0
ABC0Highestenergy?HighestenergyShortestwavelengthHighestfrequency
X-rayCharacteristics0TravelinstraightlineCannotbefocusedtoapointDifferentiallyabsorbedCausefluorescenceHarmfultolivingtissue
X-rayCharacteristics0HighenergywavesNomassNocharge(neutral)Tra
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