语言学phonology音韵学ppt课件-----精品课件下载.ppt

Chapter2phonology;Importantarticulators发音器官;Importantarticulators;Theoralcavity;Importantarticulators;Importantarticulators:p27;Phonetictranscription;;1.voicedpalatalaffricate

2.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

3.voicedalveolarstop

/gpbd/

/fpm?vb/

/zvsdg/

/tzdns/

/mnb?/

/gkbdpvt/;Front;Phonology;Termsinphonologicalanalysis;Phone,phonemeandallophone

（音素、音位、音位变体）P37;2.Phoneme(音位)p37

Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit,whichistheminimalunitinthesoundsystemofalanguage,accordingtotraditionalphonologicaltheories;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue,i.e.itcandistinguishwords..Substitutingonephonemeforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.Aphonemeisanabstractunit.Itisnotanyparticularsound,butratheritisrepresentedorrealizedbyacertainphoneinacertainphoneticcontext.

Forexample,thephoneme/p/isrepresenteddifferentlyin[phit]and[sp=it].Thenotionofthephonemeallowedlinguiststogrouptogethersetsofphoneticallysimilarphonesasvariantsormembersofthesameunderlyingunit.

(Tofollowtheconvention,squarebracketsareusedtoindicatephones,andobliquesphonemes.suchas/t/,/p/,/l/.)

;Phone,phonemeandallophone;Phones,phonemesandallophones;Minimalpair,phonemiccontrast,andcomplementarydistribution;2Phonemiccontrast

iftwosoundsdistinguishwords,theyaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast(音位对立）,like/p/and/b/,whichareincontrastivedistribution.

;Minimalpair,phonemiccontrast,andcomplementarydistribution;Phonemiccontrast,minimalpairsandcomplementarydistribution;Distinctivefeatures:p39-40;Somerulesinphonology;Sequentialrules（序列规则）;Assimilationrules（同化规则）;Devoicing:aprocessbywhichvoicedsoundsbecomevoiceless.使浊音变清音

e.g.Fivepast

lovetobadboy

hasto

ascanbeshown

losefive

Principl