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Part IV The li ture of
Realism(1865-1918)
⚫American realism(1870-1890)
⚫Local colorism: Mark Twain
⚫American Naturalism (1908-1918)
Walt Whitman
•One of the great innovators in
American li ture
•He gave America its first genuine
epic poem: Leaves of Grass
Emily Dickinson
(1830-1886)
◼America’s
best-known
female poet
I Died for Beauty
◼ Stanza 1. I died pursuing the beauty of art and
immedia y as I became accustomed to the new
circumstance of a tomb, I was told that there was
another who died for truth and arrived in the next
room.
◼ Stanza 2. I died for beauty and he died for truth.
S e “beauty is truth and truth beauty,” we are as
close as brothers, or like twins.
◼ Stanza 3. The two of us are like kinsmen who met
at night, and we talked in separated rooms for a
very long time until we have harmoniously united
into one and have been comple y forgotten by
the human world.
I Heard a Fly Buzzwhen I died--
-
◼ Stanza 1. When I was dying, I heard the buzz of
a fly which reminded me of the stillness in the
air.
◼ Stanza2. Before the absolute power of death, I
was helpless, so were my relative and friends.
They could do nothing more than gathering
around me; tearless and breathless, and
watching the arrival of death to me.
◼ Stanza 3. When I was abandoning this material
world, a fly comes to me.
Comment on the poem
◼ This poem is the description of the
moment of death. The poetess made
use of a very strange image of a fly to
symbolize her last touch with the
human world and, moreover, the
of a decaying corpse. The
fly appeared as something which is
able to fly between the two worlds of
life and deat
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