13-动物的维持需要英.pptVIP

动物营养学动物需要什么？如何满足动物需要？需要什么？蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素、矿物质、能量营养代谢原理需要多少？动物营养需要的度量与研究方法饲料？饲料的化学组成、动物对饲料的消化吸收、饲料营养价值评定管理？ 第十三章动物的维持营养需要(Maintenance Requirements) (Maintenance Requirements)What?Why?Amount?How? learning goals:Be master of the concept and the importance；research methods and prediction equation；the amount and the acting factors of maintenancerequirements. Chapter 12 Maintenance Requirements 1. Maintenance (维 持) The condition in which an animal is neither gaining or losing body energy (or other nutrients).First period The concept and importance Maintenance requirements (维持营养需要 ) nutrients required for maintenance.ΔIΔP养分供应水平(养分采食量, I)动物的反应(生产性能,P)维持需要点 maintenance of body temperature, blood circulation, respiration, basal cellular metabolism and essential physical activity (basal metabolism + voluntary movement)Maintenance requirements (维持营养需要 ) nutrients required for maintenance. Adult male breeding animals other than during the breeding season (非配种季节的成年公畜)Adult females following the cessation of lactation and before pregnancy (干奶或空怀时的成年母畜) 3.The importanceNutrient needs are minimal during maintenanceMaintenance is a standard benchmarkCompare1) Food intakeMaintenanceProductionLossProduction2) Feed evaluation systems are based on a factorial approach (析因法)Requirements = nutrients required for maintenance + production of milk/meat/offspring/wool…Bred sow 120 kgOffspring…Sow3988 kcal/d1100 kcal/d190 kcal/d= 5278 kcal/d3)Requirementsmaintenanceweight 1) Energy for maintenance (维持能量需要):Second period Requirements for maintenance1. Energy for maintenance(basal metabolism + voluntary movement/physical activity)1.1 Terminologyare most commonly calculated from the intake of metabolizable or net energy (代谢能或净能) which results in zero energy retention 2) Basal metabolism (基础代谢)Healthy animalStandardized conditionsA thermoneutral environmentA post-absorptive stateA state of muscular repose but not asleepMay be defined as the condition in which a minimal