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GRAMMAR
过去完成时
【构成】肯定式为“had +过去分词”；否定式为“had not +过去分词”。
【用法】
.过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动 作。如:
Up till then we had only covered half the distance.
She had rushed out of the door before I could stop her.
注意：过去的时间有时由一时间状语表示出来（如上例），但在更 多的情况下时间都由上下文表示出来。如：
Diana found she had left her case on the train.
.在下面情况中，我们常可使用过去完成时：
①用于宾语从句中：
He said that he had been in China for over ten years.
Fred told me that he had known Linda since he was a child.
②用于状语从句：
When Monica had sung her song she sat down.
I didnt begin the work until he had gone.
③用于定语从句：
The lady showed me the pictures she had painted.
Peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry when his sister
came up.
④用于一些固定句型：
★it / This / That was + the first / second ... + time + that 从句,从句 谓语常用过去完成时。如：
It was the first time I had made such a mistake.
★it was +一段时间+ since从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。如： It was two years since he had left his hometown.
★hardly ... when, hardly分句谓语常用过去完成时。如：
The party had hardly started when Joe left.
Hardly had Laura sat down when the phone rang.
★no sooner ... than, no sooner分句谓语常用过去完成时。如：
I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang.
No sooner had I walked in the door than they arrived.
⑤用于hope, intend, mean, think等动词表示未实现的愿望时。如：
I had intended visiting him this weekend but I wasnt able to make it.
I had thought to return early but they wouldnt let us go.
【即学即练】
I.用括号内动词的正确时态填空。
Carl was very confused. He discovered that the college 1.
(cancel) his accounting class. Carl had no sooner returned from summer vacation than he 2. (receive) his mail. When he opened his mail that 3.(send) by the college, he read the bad news. His roommate, Jacob, 4.(tell) him not to worry. Jacob said it was not the first time the college 5. (do) this. Last year, when enough students complained, the college put the class back in the schedule. He 6.(guess) the situation might change.
IL用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
The news came as no surprise to me. I(know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
He to
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