(21)--9.2 Checks and Balances英语国家社会与文化.ppt

9.2 Checks and Balances 平衡与制约原则The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries英语国家社会与文化 Legislative BranchExecutive BranchJudicial BranchEquality of the branchesCONTENT The U.S. Constitution realized the separation of powers by giving the Congress the power to make the laws, the president the power to enforce the laws, and the Supreme Court the power to hear court cases under the laws. Legislative BranchExecutive BranchJudicial BranchA Government of Shared PowersExecutive BranchLegislative BranchJudicial BranchA Government of Separated Powers Legislative Branch Congress CongressIt has the right to pass bills, levy federal taxes, declare war or put treaties into effect.It consists of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. This division can be dated back to the drafting of the Constitution:To balance the interests of between large states and small states, a compromise was put forward to divide the Congress into two Houses, the upper house and the lower houseThe lower house carried out the proportional representationThe upper house was to be weighted equally between statesThis was known as the Connecticut Compromise, also called the Great Compromise of 1787 CongressHouse of RepresentativesBy the proportion of population2 year terms435 total membersSole power of impeachmentThe Senate2 per state6 year terms 100 total members1/3 is elected every 2 yearsTrial of impeachments Executive Branch The White House President4 year terms (2 max)3 roles:Chief ExecutiveHead of StateCommander-in-Chief of the Army and NavyPower to veto billsPower to appoint judges with the Senate’s advice and consentPower to issue pardons and reprievesPower to refuse to execute the orders of the Supreme Court Vice PresidentSucceed to or Act as PresidentPresident of the Senate (may only vote to break a tie) Judicial Branch Supreme Court Supreme Court1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate JusticesJudicial review the power to review executive and legislative action to determine if