生物技术与农药教学课件电子教案全套课件.pptx

Application of Biotechnology in Pest ManagementProfessor: Zeng XinnianLaboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouOctober 27 of 2007 Special Topics Introduction1. Biotechnology:The application of recombinant DNA or genetic engineering and other new bio-processing techniques (e.g. tissue culture, protein engineering) to the development of products that improve human health,animal health, and agriculture. 2. Basic knowledgeThe key technique of biotechnology is gene engineering.Gene is a segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a single polypeptide. Gene can be cut out from DNA by Restriction Endonucleases (more than 200) and re-linked by LigaseDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides which stores genetic information. It connects to four bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine; RNA-Uracil).Three letter word (codon) message on DNA. 3. Other TechniquesTissue cultureCell engineeringMono-clone antibody techniqueFerment engineering (fixed microbial or enzymes)Enzyme engineering (Biosensors) I. Application in Pest ManagementAdvances in genetics and molecular biology have made it possible to identify genes coding for specific traits in one organism, isolate and clone them, and incorporate them into the genome of another organism, regardless of relatedness of the source and donor species. Myriad crop species are being experimentally transformed for protection against insects, pathogens, and herbicides, for improved management of pests that plague modern agriculture. (A) Insect ResistantBt varieties have been commercialized and applied as foliar insecticides for more than 40 years. They dominate the biopesticides market and are widely used, particularly in organic production.Bt varieties include Bt var. kurstaki and var. morrisoni, with activity against lepidopteran larvae; Bt var. israelensis, specific to larvae of mosquitoes and blackflies; Bt var. aizawai, with activity against wax moth larvae; and Bt v