高中语法之常用时态语态详解.docx

第四章 时态和语态 一．动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有 8 种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 时态 主动语态 具体形式 通式 被动语态 具体形式 通式 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 肯定 否定 式 式 一般现在时 一般过去时 do/does; am/is/ar e did; was/wer e do/does not do; am/is/are not did not do; was/were not will not  do do not ; do; be be not  am/is/ar e done was/wer e done am/is/ar e not done was/wer e not done  be done  be not done 一般将来时 will do; do; will be will not be will be done will not 注：be 没有被 be done 动形式 现在进行时 过去进行时 am/is/ar e doing was/wer e doing am/is/are not doing was/were not doing  be doing  be not doing am/is/ar e being done was/wer e being done  be being done 将来进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 will be doing have/has done had done will have done  have/has not done had not done 注：be 通常不用于进行时 beennot been been not been done done have had had not have not been been been done done done done will have been done  have/has have/has wouldwould would would not 过去将来时 do; would do; would not would be done be be 现在完成进行 have/has been 时 doing  have not been done 一. 一般现在时. 构成. be 动词：am is are ; 其他动词用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时要在谓语动词后加“s”，其变化规则与名词变复数一致。 用法. 1). 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如 usually, always, often, seldom, never, every..., eg. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. I don’t leave home for school at 7 every morning. Do I leave home for school at 7 every morning? He usually gets up early. He doesn’t usually get up early. Does he usually get up early? 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 eg. The earth moves around the sun. The earth doesn’t move around the sun 否定句Does the earth move around the sun? 疑问句Shanghai lies in the east of China. Shanghai doesn’t lie in the east of China 否定句Does Shanghai lie in the east of China? 疑问句Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 表示格言或警句中 eg. Pride goes before a fall. 注意. 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 eg. Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。既用于某些不用于进行时态的静态动词表示现在的行为和状态。 eg. She is shy. We love our country. Tom writes good English. 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop