疾病营养治疗指导方案：儿科疾病的营养治疗小儿腹泻.docVIP

儿科疾病的营养治疗小儿腹泻 ? 　　Individual nutritional requirement vary with genetic and metabolic differences. For infants and children, the basic goals are achievement of satisfactory growth and avoidance of deficiency states. Good nutrition helps to prevent acute and chronic illness, to develop physical and mental potential, and to provide reserves for stress.　　Childhood nutrition should be a balance between the high energy and nutrient content and establishing a healthy diet with weight control, in association with regular physical exercise. The balance between these two aspects changes from the very high fat content of infancy to the low fat, high fiber diet of adulthood. The diet for a child should be focused on natural, fresh sources of energy and nutrients. Drastic dieting and fad foods must be avoided. A positive attitude to healthy eating should be encouraged from an early stage.　　It has been established that children with developmental delays are at increased nutrition risk due to conditions that may affect their ability to ingest food safely, develop normal hunger/satiety cues, feed themselves or consume age-appropriate food textures. Therefore，it is critical for young children to establish life-long eating and exercise habits that influence the prevalence of chronic diseases and obesity, while at the same time maintain optimal growth and development. ? 第一节 小儿腹泻 ? 　　一、概述　　Diarrhea is a common disease with the abnormal changes in the frequency and characteristics of bowel movements commonly resulting from gastroenteritis caused by viral infections, parasites or bacterial toxins. Worldwide there are an estimated one billion of and 3.3 million deaths due to diarrhea each year among children 5 years old. In developing countries children 5 years old experience a median of 3.2 episodes of diarrhea/child-year, and diarrhea accounts for 21% of all deaths among children 5 years old. Lower rates are found in developed countries but should not be underestimated. Rates of pat