外研高中英语必修三课件：Module+4+Grammar.pptVIP

Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia;Grammar: Infinitive;不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能做谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。;1. 作主语 往往放在谓语动词之后, 用it作形式主语, 为了避免句子头重脚轻。 e.g. To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. ;2. 作宾语 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。 e.g. He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English. ;3. 作宾语补足语 e.g. He asked me to do the work with him. 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to。 ;不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀: 一感二听三让五看半帮助。 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带上to。 e.g. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. ;4. 作定语 e.g. I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动 词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词 是不定式动作的地点, 工具等时, 不 定式后面必须有相应的介词。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in.;当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式即可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。;试比较: Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要(自己)寄吗? Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗?;5. 作状语, 表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件 e.g. I came here to see you. We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him. ;6. 作表语 e.g. My job is to help the patient. 注意:主语、表语都是不定式, 前者为条件, 后者为目的或结果。 e.g. To learn a language is to use it. ;不定式的时态有：一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用被动形式。;1. 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生。 e.g. 主动：I’m glad to meet you. 被动：There was nothing to be done.;2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用进行时。 e.g. I am very glad to be working with you. ;3. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 就要用完成时。 e.g. 主动：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 被动：The room was said to have been cleaned.;从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______. A. to discover? B. to be d