公司理财复习重点-by--Lisa.doc

公司理财复习重点----by Lisa The primary objective for our companies is to maximize the shareholders’ value. 财务工具： 利率与货币的时间价值 The Interest Rate: The rate at which we can exchange money today for money in the future is determined by the current interest rate. 利率：将今天的货币转换成未来的货币的比率，是由当前的利息率决定的。 The Time Value of Money: The difference in value between money today and money in the future. 货币时间价值：今天的货币价值与未来的货币价值之间的差额。 现值与净现值决策法则 概念：When the value of a cost or benefit is computed in terms of cash today, we refer to it as the present value. Similarly, we define the net present value(NPV）of a project or investment as the difference between the present value of its benefits and the present value. 成本或收益的价值以今天的现金来计量时，称为现值。类似地，讲收益的现值与成本的现值之差定义为项目或投资的净现值。 The NPV Decision Rule: When making an investment decision, take the alternative with the highest NPV. Choosing this alternative is equivalent to receiving its NPV in cash today. 净现值决策法则：制定投资决策时，要选择净现值最高的项目。选择这样的项目就相当于今天收到数额等于项目净现值的现金。 无套利与证券价格 Arbitrage: The practice of buying and selling equivalent goods in different markets to take advantage of a price different is known as arbitrage. 套利：利用同一商品在不同市场的价格差别而进行买卖获利的行为称做套利。 Risk-free interest rate = bank deposit rate 证券的无套利价格： 货币时间价值 The Time Value of Money: The equivalent value of two cash flows at two different points in time is sometimes referred to as the time value of money 货币时间价值：有时将两个不同时点的现金流的等效值，称为货币时间价值。 时间轴的作用 We can represent a stream of cash flows on a timeline, a linear representation of the timing of the expected cash flows. 可用时间线来表示系列现金流，时间线是对于其现金流的发生时期的线性表述。 系列现金流的净现值 有效年利率 The Effective Annual Rate: Interest rates are often started as an effective annual rate(EAR), which indicates the total amount of interest that will be earned at the end of one year. 有效年利率：利率通常表述为年利率：利率通常表述为有效年利率，表示在1年后能赚到利息总额。 投资决策（NPV，IRR，时间回报率等） NPV Rule The NPV Decision Rule: When making an investment decision, take the alternative with the highest NPV. Choosing this alternative is equivalent to rec