高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点03 阅读理解之猜词题（含解析）.docVIP

查补易混易错03 阅读理解之猜词题 新高考卷 全国卷 2022 2021 2022 2021 卷I 卷II 卷I 卷II 乙卷 甲卷 乙卷 甲卷 细节理解题 6 7 8 8 8 8 6 5 推理判断题 7 5 5 5 5 3 6 8 词义猜测题 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 主旨大意题 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 题型特点 词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：①猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；②推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；③判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；④解释英语中特定的表达（谚语、俚语等）。　 正确选项特征 相应词语的同义词语。 2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。 干扰选项特征 对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。 半对半错。 曲解原意。 常见的设问方式有： Which?of?the?following?has?the?closest?meaning?to“….? Which?of?the?following?can?replace?the?word“….? What?does?the?underlined?word/phrase/expression“.…”refer?to/mean? Who?does“.refer?to?in?the?text? 技巧1通过定义来猜测词义 本技巧适用于所猜生词或短语后有句子(往往用定语从句或同位语从句)对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对其加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词为:be, mean, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify等。 【例】The schools are reluctant to take time off----even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. What does the underlined word reluctant probably mean? A.Kind. B. Unwilling. C.Free. D. Careless. 【解析】根据破折号后的 even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off可知, 甚至手中有英格兰与阿根廷对决比赛的球票的教师们也很难有放假时间。由此可以推断出前面的“ reluctant”一词意为“不情愿的”。故选B项。 技巧2 通过同位关系来猜测词义 构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or, similarly, also, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等。 【天津2020年5月·C】 There s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet. 47. The expression added bonusrefers to the fact that electric planes____________. A. give passengers more pleasant views B. bring airlines more financial benefits C. offer more enjoyable flying experiences D. cost less in maintenance than traditional one 【解析】根据画线词后that引导的同位语从句 electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in和后文中的 No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.可知，电动飞机的航程更舒,因为没有发动机的噪音,没有燃油的