动词和宾语的关系.docxVIP

动词和宾语的关系 ▲有些不及物动词后跟特定的介词时可有宾语，如insist（on） / agree（on, to） / complain （of） / boast（of） / look（at）等，但当跟宾语从句时介词可省略。例： They insisted on my going alone. They insisted that I should go alone. s+v+o 在此句型中，V是及物动词，0（宾语）可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句。 .下列动词只能用不定式作宾语： afford, agree, arrange, attempt, care, chance, choose, claim, consent, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen9 hope, intend, learn, long, manage mean9 offer, preparet presume, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, undertake y want 等。例： I intended to arrive by 10 this morning, but the rain held me up. I can offer to help every one in trouble. .下列动词要求用动名词作宾语； acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipateappreciate, avoid, consider, complete contemplate^ delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, evade, facilitate, favor, flnish^ forbid, forgive, imagine, include9 involve, mind, miss, practice, practise（Am. E） permit, postpone, quit, resent, resume, suggest 等；以及动词短语如 approve of, be used / accustomed to, insist on, look for, ward to, object to 等；例： We cannot understand why he avoided speaking to us. .有些动词后既可跟动词不定式，也可跟动名词作宾语，但下列情况需要注意。 （1）意义明显不同，如 forget, remember, regret, mean 等。例： He forgot to close the window.（忘 / 去做一件事） He forgot closing the window.（忘记曾做过的一件事） Please remember to buy a dictionary for me.（记住要做的一件事） I remember buying （or having bought） the dictionary.（记得曾做过的——件事） I regret to say that I cannot come.（对现在或将来要发生的事表示遗憾） Mr. Greens regretted selling （or having sold） the car.（对已经发生的事感到后悔） I mean to drive here, but my car broke down.（打算、 企图） Success means working very hard.（意味着） forget, remember, regret三个词后跟不定式（一般式），表示其动作尚未发生：跟动名词表 示动作已经发生（若有一般式不要选完成式，还要注意是主动关系还是被动关系）。 （2）意义近似,用法略有区别,如 attempt, begin, continue9cease, hate, like, love, neglect, omit, propose, start 等。例： Please don t neglect omit locking / to lock the door when you leave. I began learning / to learn English when I was only five. She started working / to work at a radio factory. 注：在begin, start用于进行时态时，只能用不定式。例： She was beginnin