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英语六级阅读理解模拟测试题( 1)
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,
market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these
goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive,
operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and
services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what
shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices
rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price
will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.
If, on the
other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will
tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the
price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating
mechanism in the America economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to
hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for
sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces
not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the
right
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