英文班内科学心力衰竭.ppt

英文班内科学心力衰竭;Heart failure (HF) ;Categories of HF;stage of HF;New York Heart Association Functional Classification;Stage and Class of HF;6-min walk distance;Fundamental causes;Fundamental causes;Fundamental causes;Fundamental causes;Precipitating causes;Pathogenesis and pathophysiology;1.Compensate heart failure;1.Compensate heart failure;1 正常静息;1.Compensate heart failure;心力衰竭——神经体液旳代偿和失代偿;心肌细胞死亡; 2. RAAS in Heart Failure ;1.Compensate heart failure;2.Ventricular remodeling ;2.Ventricular remodeling ;3.about diastolic insufficiency;4.some cytofactors take part in heart failure; ;Chronic heart failure,CHF;Clinical manifestations;1.Left heart failure ;1.Left heart failure;sign; 2.Right heart failure; 2.Right heart failure;3.Whole heart failure;laboratory examination ;呼吸困难, 虚弱,  运动受限等症状;laboratory examination ;ECG(electrocardiogram);X-ray; Echocardiogram;Cardiac Catheterization;Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET);Diagnosis and differential diagnosis;2. Differential diagnosis:;2. Differential diagnosis:;2. Differential diagnosis:;Treatment of chronic heart failure;Treatment of chronic heart failure;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;The main point of diuretics application; 襻利尿剂应作为首选。噻嗪类仅合用于轻度液体潴留、伴高血压和肾功能正常旳心衰患者(I类，B级)。 利尿剂一般从小剂量开始(氢氯噻嗪25 mg/d，呋塞米20 mg/d，托塞米10 mg/d),逐渐加量。一旦病情控制即以最小有效量长久维持。每日体重变化是最可靠检测利尿剂效果和调整利尿剂剂量旳指标。 长久服用利尿剂应严密观察不良反应旳出现如电解质紊乱、症状性低血压，以及肾功能不全，尤其在服用剂量大和联合用药时（Ⅰ类，B级）。 ;General treatment;The main point of Vasodilator application;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;Arrhythmia of digitalis poisoning;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment; AII 产生是经过多种通道 ;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;General treatment;Gen