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Topic One: firm; cost
• Different ownership form and the importance of each form
– Proprietorship (single owner)
– Partnerships (multiple owners)
– Corporations.
• Limited liability
– Sole proprietors and partners are ally liable for the debts
of their business. All the owners’assets, not just those invested
in the business, are at risk.
– In U.S. 87 percent of business sales are made by corporations,
even though only 20 percent of all firms are corporations.
– Corporations are companies whose capital is divided into share
that are held by individuals who have only limited responsibility
for the debts of the . That is, a shareholder has limited
liability. If the corporation fails, ( is unable to pay is bills, the
shareholders need not pay for the debt using their al
assets. A shareholder’s loss is limited to the price paid for the
stock.
– The rise of the corporation co ide with the need to rease
the size of firms.
Key Parties in a Firm and Their Utility
• Shareholders elect a board of directors to run the corporation.
• Th delegates the day to day responsibility to officers of the
.
• The stocks are not concentrated in the hands of a few key employees.
• Once stock is issued, the corporation receives nothing when individuals
buy or sell the shares on a stock market.
• Shareholders: dividend and the price appreciation
• Corporations also raise money by issuing debt. The promise to pay those
who lend them money (debt holders) a stipulated amount of interest plus
repayment of the loan.
• Debt holders are paid first, stock holders are paid from what remains.
Separation of ownership and control
• Agency issue: In many corporations, there is often no single
shareholder with the
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